Experts Share Tips for Preventing and Treating Foot Calluses

Foot calluses, medically known as plantar callosities or corns, represent thickened, hardened areas of skin that develop in response to persistent pressure, friction, or irritation. This common foot condition not only affects appearance but may cause discomfort, pain, and in severe cases, alter walking patterns and overall health.

Calluses form as the skin's protective response to repeated mechanical stress. Common contributing factors include:

• Ill-fitting footwear: Shoes that are either too tight or too loose increase friction against the foot.
• Prolonged standing/walking: Occupational or recreational activities requiring extended weight-bearing.
• Foot deformities: Structural abnormalities like flat feet or high arches create uneven pressure distribution.
• Improper gait: Abnormal walking patterns concentrate excessive force on specific areas.
• Inadequate foot care: Neglecting moisturization and regular exfoliation permits keratin buildup.

Typical manifestations include:

• Visible skin thickening with rough texture
• Discoloration (yellowish, grayish, or brownish hues)
• Pain or tenderness upon pressure
• Potential dryness, fissuring, or bleeding in advanced cases

Untreated calluses may lead to:

• Chronic pain from nerve compression
• Increased infection risk through skin fissures
• Biomechanical alterations affecting joints and muscles
• Reduced mobility and quality of life

• Choose properly sized shoes with adequate toe room
• Prioritize breathable materials (leather, canvas)
• Select supportive designs with cushioned soles
• Rotate shoes regularly to vary pressure points

• Daily washing with mild soap and warm water
• Thorough drying, especially between toes
• Wearing moisture-wicking socks changed daily

• Weekly exfoliation (1-2 times) using pumice stones or foot files
• Daily application of moisturizers containing urea or lactic acid
• Regular foot massage to improve circulation

• Orthotic inserts for pressure redistribution
• Silicone toe sleeves for friction reduction
• Protective padding on high-pressure areas

Soak feet in warm water (10-15 minutes) with optional additives:

• Epsom salts for antimicrobial effects
• Essential oils (lavender, tea tree) for soothing properties
• Vinegar to help dissolve keratin

• Use pumice stones or foot scrubs on softened skin
• Avoid aggressive scraping to prevent injury
• Limit frequency to 1-2 weekly sessions

Apply emollient creams (preferably at bedtime) and cover with cotton socks for enhanced absorption.

• Salicylic acid preparations (10-40% concentrations)
• Urea-based formulations (20-40%) for severe cases

• Prescription-strength keratolytic agents
• Antibiotic therapy for infected lesions

• Professional debridement by podiatrists
• Custom orthotics for structural abnormalities

Reserved for recalcitrant cases causing significant functional impairment.

Require meticulous daily inspection, gentle cleansing, and immediate professional consultation for any skin abnormalities due to heightened infection risks.

Should prioritize supportive footwear, periodic elevation, and massage to counteract edema-related pressure.

Benefit from regular moisturization, cautious exfoliation, and professional nail care to prevent complications from age-related skin fragility.